The name “Buffalo Bill” is one of the most famous names in the history of the West. Once Bill was known as a great fighter and a great hunter. Today people prefer to remember other sides of his character. Later in his life he was a great showman and one of the first people to see that it was necessary to protect America’s natural environment .

      Buffalo Bill Cody was born on a farm in Scott county, Indiana, on 26th February 1846. At age 12, Bill killed his first Indian.      

      In those days, life in the American West was a constant struggle for survival, and Indians and white pioneers would fight to the death to protect their homes and their people.     

      Clearly, young Bill was a tough boy, who knew what he was doing. Before he was thirteen, he was an expert horse-rider and a crack-shot with a gun; and in those days, when the West was wild, that meant he had excellent qualifications for a job.      

      Before the age of twenty, Bill left home and took a job with the Pony Express company, and very soon he became reputed as one of their best riders.     

      Bill’s grandson, William Cody III, once talked to the press about his ancestor : “He was called upon to make a continuous ride of 330 miles, the longest ride in the history of the Pony Express... There isn’t any question about it, he was an extremely courageous man, a hard worker. Here was a young kid going out into these great expanses of the West, the elements of the unknown, willing to take risks. He had to have courage, no question”.

      It was the time when the West was being opened up. After the Pony Express, Bill got a job supplying buffalo meat to the men building the Kansas Pacific rail- road. In the space of 17 months, he claims to have killed 4,280 buffaloes. This is where he got his name, “Buffalo Bill”.

    In the 1870s, he worked as a scout for the army, during the Indian campaigns, and took part in General Custer’s war against the Sioux. Once, he killed Chief Yellow Hand in a duel. This was just one of the exploits that were written about in popular story books. In those days, anyone who killed Indians was seen as a hero.

      Today, we look at the Indian wars in a different light. Though many American Indians still call themselves “Indians”, the expression “native Americans” is considered to be more correct. Huge areas of land have been given back to the Indian nations, and Americans accept that White pioneers stole it from them in the past.

    In fact, Buffalo Bill was one of the first men in America to realise that white Americans and Indians could, and should, work together. Bill made his peace with the Indians, and when he established his famous “Wild West Show”, he recruited many famous Indians to work with him. They included Red Cloud, Red Shirt, and even Sitting Bull. His grandson says, “At its height, there were over 650 people who travelled with the show, including 250 American Indians. With these Indians, with all the cowboys, they re-enacted the robbery of the Deadwood stage coach and the Pony Express mail relay system”.

    With the money he earned from his show, Bill purchased some land in Wyoming; but by then the West was already changing dramatically. Bill, the once-great buffalo-hunter looked nostalgically at the few rare buffaloes that were still around, and realised that they had to be protected. At the same time, he began trying to conserve aspects of the old Western life that were rapidly disappearing into the twentieth century. One of the things he did was to help establish America’s first National Forest reserve in Wyoming.

       When he died, aged 70, Buffalo Bill knew that the old West was almost dead too, except as history and stories. Yet he knew, too, that one of the most famous names associated with its legends, was his own.

© Linguapress.com

WORDS : 
showman: man who runs a show - struggle: fight, battle  - survival: existence - pioneer: person colonizing new territory - tough: strong, resistant - ancestor: grandfather and earlier generations - expanse: open space - willing to: ready to, prepared to - supply: bring, provide -  claims to have: says he - duel: organised fight between two people - exploit: action - area: zone - recruit: employ - height most important moment - re-enact imitate, play - mail: post - purchase: buy -  reserve: protected zone.-